01. Constitution confers the following rights and privileges on the citizens of India (and denies the same to aliens):
Right against discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth (Article 15).
Right to equality of the opportunity in the matter of public employment (Article 16).
Right to freedom of speech and expression, assembly, association, movement, residence and the profession (Article 19).
Cultural and educational rights (Articles 29 and 30).
Right to vote in elections to the Lok Sabha and state legislative assembly.
Right to contest for the membership of the Parliament and the state legislature.
Eligibility to hold certain public offices, that is, President of India, Vice-President of India, judges of the Supreme Court and the high courts, governor of states, attorney general of India and advocate general of states.
02. In India, both a citizen by birth as well as a naturalized citizen are eligible for the office of President while in the USA, only a citizen by birth and not a naturalised citizen is eligible for the office of President. as the Constitution contains neither any permanent nor any elaborate provisions with regard to the problem of acquisition or loss of citizenship subsequent to its commencement. It only identifies the persons who became citizens of India at its commencement (i.e., on January 26, 1950).
The Constitution has empowered the Parliament to enact a law to provide for such matters and any other matter relating to citizenship.
03. The Indian Constitution possesses the following unitary or the non-federal features:
Strong Centre
States Not Indestructible
Single Constitution
Flexibility of the Constitution
No Equality of State Representation
Emergency Provisions
Single Citizenship
Integrated Judiciary
All-India Services
Integrated Audit Machinery
Parliament’s Authority Over State List
Appointment of Governor
Integrated Election Machinery
Veto Over State Bills.
04. Gujarat – In 1960, the bilingual state of Bombay was divided into two separate states—Maharashtra for Marathi-speaking people and Gujarat for Gujarati-speaking people.
Nagaland – In 1963, the State of Nagaland was formed by taking the Naga Hills and Tuensang area out of the state of Assam.
Haryana – In 1966, the State of Punjab was bifurcated to create Haryana and the union territory of Chandigarh.
Sikkim – In 1947, after the lapse of British paramountcy, Sikkim became a ‘protectorate’ of India, whereby the Indian Government assumed responsibility for the defence, external affairs and communications of Sikkim.
In 1974, Sikkim expressed its desire for greater association with the India.
05. If any foreign territory becomes a part of India, the Government of India specifies the persons who among the people of the territory shall be the citizens of India. Such persons become the citizens of India from the notified date. For example, when Pondicherry became a part of India, the Government of India issued the Citizenship (Pondicherry) Order, 1962, under the Citizenship Act, 1955.
06. Article 2 empowers the Parliament to ‘admit into the Union of India, or establish, new states on such terms and conditions as it thinks fit’. Thus, Article 2 grants two powers to the Parliament:
the power to admit into the Union of India new states; and
the power to establish the new states.
The first refers to the admission of states which are already in existence while the second refers to the establishment of states which were not in existence before.
Notably, Article 2 relates to the admission or establishment of new states that are not part of the Union of India.
Article 3, on the other hand, relates to the formation of or chan-ges in the existing states of the Union of India. In other words, Article 3 deals with the internal re-adjustment inter se of the territories of the constituent states of the Union of India.
07. Constitution Day (National Law Day), also known as Samvidhan Divas, is celebrated in India on 26 November every year to commemorate the adoption of Constitution of India.
On 26 November 1949, the Constituent Assembly of India adopted the Constitution of India, and it came into effect on 26 January 1950.
The Beating Retreat ceremony is held after officially denoting the end of Republic Day festivities. It is conducted on the evening of 29 January, the third day after the Republic Day.
Beating Retreat ceremony is performed by the bands of the three wings of the military, the Indian Army, Indian Navy and Indian Air Force.
08. The Swaran Singh Committee was appointed by the Congress government in the 1975 which considered the question of the suitability of the Presidential form of government for India.
The committee gave report in favor of presidential form of government owing to various advantages over presidential form of government. However, the committee also opined that there is no need to replace parliamentary system.
09. Financial Action Task Force (FATF) is often seen in news.
The FATF’s primary policies issued are the Forty Recommendations on money laundering from 1990 and the Nine Special Recommendations (SR) on Terrorism Financing (TF).
Together, the Forty Recommendations and Special Recommendations on Terrorism Financing set the international standard for anti-money laundering measures and combating the financing of terrorism and terrorist acts. They set out the principles for action and allow countries a measure of flexibility in implementing these principles according to their particular circumstances and constitutional frameworks. Both sets of FATF Recommendations are intended to be implemented at the national level through legislation and other legally binding measures.
The 40+9 Recommendations, together with their interpretative notes, provide the international standards for combating money laundering (ML) and terrorist financing (TF).
10. Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan
It has been launched by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India.
The program aims to provide assured, comprehensive and quality antenatal care, free of cost, universally to all pregnant women on the 9th of every month.
PMSMA guarantees a minimum package of antenatal care services to women in their 2nd / 3rd trimesters of pregnancy at designated government health facilities
The programme follows a systematic approach for engagement with private sector which includes motivating private practitioners to volunteer for the campaign developing strategies for generating awareness and appealing to the private sector to participate in the Abhiyan at government health facilities.
Goal of the PMSMA
Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan envisages to improve the quality and coverage of Antenatal Care (ANC) including diagnostics and counselling services as part of the Reproductive Maternal Neonatal Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A) Strategy.
Objectives of the program:
Ensure at least one antenatal checkup for all pregnant women in their second or third trimester by a physician/specialist
Improve the quality of care during ante-natal visits. This includes ensuring provision of the following services:
All applicable diagnostic services
Screening for the applicable clinical conditions
Appropriate management of any existing clinical condition such as Anaemia, Pregnancy induced hypertension, Gestational Diabetes etc.
Appropriate counselling services and proper documentation of services rendered
Additional service opportunity to pregnant women who have missed ante-natal visits
Identification and line-listing of high risk pregnancies based on obstetric/ medical history and existing clinical conditions.
Appropriate birth planning and complication readiness for each pregnant woman especially those identified with any risk factor or comorbid condition.
Special emphasis on early diagnosis, adequate and appropriate management of women with malnutrition.
Special focus on adolescent and early pregnancies as these pregnancies need extra and specialized care
Key Features of PMSMA
PMSMA is based on the premise — that if every pregnant woman in India is examined by a physician and appropriately investigated at least once during the PMSMA and then appropriately followed up — the process can result in reduction in the number of maternal and neonatal deaths in our country.
Antenatal checkup services would be provided by OBGY specialists / Radiologist/physicians with support from private sector doctors to supplement the efforts of the government sector.
A minimum package of antenatal care services (including investigations and drugs) would be provided to the beneficiaries on the 9th day of every month at identified public health facilities (PHCs/ CHCs, DHs/ urban health facilities etc) in both urban and rural areas in addition to the routine ANC at the health facility/ outreach.
Using the principles of a single window system, it is envisaged that a minimum package of investigations (including one ultrasound during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy) and medicines such as IFA supplements, calcium supplements etc would be provided to all pregnant women attending the PMSMA clinics.
While the target would reach out to all pregnant women, special efforts would be made to reach out to women who have not registered for ANC (left out/missed ANC) and also those who have registered but not availed ANC services (dropout) as well as High Risk pregnant women.
OBGY specialists/ Radiologist/physicians from private sector would be encouraged to provide voluntary services at public health facilities where government sector practitioners are not available or inadequate.
Pregnant women would be given Mother and Child Protection Cards and safe motherhood booklets.
One of the critical components of the Abhiyan is identification and follow up of high risk pregnancies. A sticker indicating the condition and risk factor of the pregnant women would be added onto MCP card for each visit:
Green Sticker- for women with no risk factor detected
Red Sticker – for women with high risk pregnancy
A National Portal for PMSMA and a Mobile application have been developed to facilitate the engagement of private/ voluntary sector.
‘IPledgeFor9’ Achievers Awards have been devised to celebrate individual and team achievements and acknowledge voluntary contributions for PMSMA in states and districts across India.
Right against discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth (Article 15).
Right to equality of the opportunity in the matter of public employment (Article 16).
Right to freedom of speech and expression, assembly, association, movement, residence and the profession (Article 19).
Cultural and educational rights (Articles 29 and 30).
Right to vote in elections to the Lok Sabha and state legislative assembly.
Right to contest for the membership of the Parliament and the state legislature.
Eligibility to hold certain public offices, that is, President of India, Vice-President of India, judges of the Supreme Court and the high courts, governor of states, attorney general of India and advocate general of states.
02. In India, both a citizen by birth as well as a naturalized citizen are eligible for the office of President while in the USA, only a citizen by birth and not a naturalised citizen is eligible for the office of President. as the Constitution contains neither any permanent nor any elaborate provisions with regard to the problem of acquisition or loss of citizenship subsequent to its commencement. It only identifies the persons who became citizens of India at its commencement (i.e., on January 26, 1950).
The Constitution has empowered the Parliament to enact a law to provide for such matters and any other matter relating to citizenship.
03. The Indian Constitution possesses the following unitary or the non-federal features:
Strong Centre
States Not Indestructible
Single Constitution
Flexibility of the Constitution
No Equality of State Representation
Emergency Provisions
Single Citizenship
Integrated Judiciary
All-India Services
Integrated Audit Machinery
Parliament’s Authority Over State List
Appointment of Governor
Integrated Election Machinery
Veto Over State Bills.
04. Gujarat – In 1960, the bilingual state of Bombay was divided into two separate states—Maharashtra for Marathi-speaking people and Gujarat for Gujarati-speaking people.
Nagaland – In 1963, the State of Nagaland was formed by taking the Naga Hills and Tuensang area out of the state of Assam.
Haryana – In 1966, the State of Punjab was bifurcated to create Haryana and the union territory of Chandigarh.
Sikkim – In 1947, after the lapse of British paramountcy, Sikkim became a ‘protectorate’ of India, whereby the Indian Government assumed responsibility for the defence, external affairs and communications of Sikkim.
In 1974, Sikkim expressed its desire for greater association with the India.
05. If any foreign territory becomes a part of India, the Government of India specifies the persons who among the people of the territory shall be the citizens of India. Such persons become the citizens of India from the notified date. For example, when Pondicherry became a part of India, the Government of India issued the Citizenship (Pondicherry) Order, 1962, under the Citizenship Act, 1955.
06. Article 2 empowers the Parliament to ‘admit into the Union of India, or establish, new states on such terms and conditions as it thinks fit’. Thus, Article 2 grants two powers to the Parliament:
the power to admit into the Union of India new states; and
the power to establish the new states.
The first refers to the admission of states which are already in existence while the second refers to the establishment of states which were not in existence before.
Notably, Article 2 relates to the admission or establishment of new states that are not part of the Union of India.
Article 3, on the other hand, relates to the formation of or chan-ges in the existing states of the Union of India. In other words, Article 3 deals with the internal re-adjustment inter se of the territories of the constituent states of the Union of India.
07. Constitution Day (National Law Day), also known as Samvidhan Divas, is celebrated in India on 26 November every year to commemorate the adoption of Constitution of India.
On 26 November 1949, the Constituent Assembly of India adopted the Constitution of India, and it came into effect on 26 January 1950.
The Beating Retreat ceremony is held after officially denoting the end of Republic Day festivities. It is conducted on the evening of 29 January, the third day after the Republic Day.
Beating Retreat ceremony is performed by the bands of the three wings of the military, the Indian Army, Indian Navy and Indian Air Force.
08. The Swaran Singh Committee was appointed by the Congress government in the 1975 which considered the question of the suitability of the Presidential form of government for India.
The committee gave report in favor of presidential form of government owing to various advantages over presidential form of government. However, the committee also opined that there is no need to replace parliamentary system.
09. Financial Action Task Force (FATF) is often seen in news.
The FATF’s primary policies issued are the Forty Recommendations on money laundering from 1990 and the Nine Special Recommendations (SR) on Terrorism Financing (TF).
Together, the Forty Recommendations and Special Recommendations on Terrorism Financing set the international standard for anti-money laundering measures and combating the financing of terrorism and terrorist acts. They set out the principles for action and allow countries a measure of flexibility in implementing these principles according to their particular circumstances and constitutional frameworks. Both sets of FATF Recommendations are intended to be implemented at the national level through legislation and other legally binding measures.
The 40+9 Recommendations, together with their interpretative notes, provide the international standards for combating money laundering (ML) and terrorist financing (TF).
10. Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan
It has been launched by the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare (MoHFW), Government of India.
The program aims to provide assured, comprehensive and quality antenatal care, free of cost, universally to all pregnant women on the 9th of every month.
PMSMA guarantees a minimum package of antenatal care services to women in their 2nd / 3rd trimesters of pregnancy at designated government health facilities
The programme follows a systematic approach for engagement with private sector which includes motivating private practitioners to volunteer for the campaign developing strategies for generating awareness and appealing to the private sector to participate in the Abhiyan at government health facilities.
Goal of the PMSMA
Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan envisages to improve the quality and coverage of Antenatal Care (ANC) including diagnostics and counselling services as part of the Reproductive Maternal Neonatal Child and Adolescent Health (RMNCH+A) Strategy.
Objectives of the program:
Ensure at least one antenatal checkup for all pregnant women in their second or third trimester by a physician/specialist
Improve the quality of care during ante-natal visits. This includes ensuring provision of the following services:
All applicable diagnostic services
Screening for the applicable clinical conditions
Appropriate management of any existing clinical condition such as Anaemia, Pregnancy induced hypertension, Gestational Diabetes etc.
Appropriate counselling services and proper documentation of services rendered
Additional service opportunity to pregnant women who have missed ante-natal visits
Identification and line-listing of high risk pregnancies based on obstetric/ medical history and existing clinical conditions.
Appropriate birth planning and complication readiness for each pregnant woman especially those identified with any risk factor or comorbid condition.
Special emphasis on early diagnosis, adequate and appropriate management of women with malnutrition.
Special focus on adolescent and early pregnancies as these pregnancies need extra and specialized care
Key Features of PMSMA
PMSMA is based on the premise — that if every pregnant woman in India is examined by a physician and appropriately investigated at least once during the PMSMA and then appropriately followed up — the process can result in reduction in the number of maternal and neonatal deaths in our country.
Antenatal checkup services would be provided by OBGY specialists / Radiologist/physicians with support from private sector doctors to supplement the efforts of the government sector.
A minimum package of antenatal care services (including investigations and drugs) would be provided to the beneficiaries on the 9th day of every month at identified public health facilities (PHCs/ CHCs, DHs/ urban health facilities etc) in both urban and rural areas in addition to the routine ANC at the health facility/ outreach.
Using the principles of a single window system, it is envisaged that a minimum package of investigations (including one ultrasound during the 2nd trimester of pregnancy) and medicines such as IFA supplements, calcium supplements etc would be provided to all pregnant women attending the PMSMA clinics.
While the target would reach out to all pregnant women, special efforts would be made to reach out to women who have not registered for ANC (left out/missed ANC) and also those who have registered but not availed ANC services (dropout) as well as High Risk pregnant women.
OBGY specialists/ Radiologist/physicians from private sector would be encouraged to provide voluntary services at public health facilities where government sector practitioners are not available or inadequate.
Pregnant women would be given Mother and Child Protection Cards and safe motherhood booklets.
One of the critical components of the Abhiyan is identification and follow up of high risk pregnancies. A sticker indicating the condition and risk factor of the pregnant women would be added onto MCP card for each visit:
Green Sticker- for women with no risk factor detected
Red Sticker – for women with high risk pregnancy
A National Portal for PMSMA and a Mobile application have been developed to facilitate the engagement of private/ voluntary sector.
‘IPledgeFor9’ Achievers Awards have been devised to celebrate individual and team achievements and acknowledge voluntary contributions for PMSMA in states and districts across India.
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